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什么是房产抵押书?

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发表于 2010-4-16 21:04:20 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
作者:刘律师

        我们每一个借钱买房子的人都记得自己买房时签了一大堆文件,手都签酸了,也顾不得看清楚自己到底签的文件是什么,只知道“终于当了一回名人(因为要不停地签名),这滋味也不好受!”

    在银行需要签署的过户文件中有两份重要的文件,一份是借款书,英文称Promissory Note,里面阐述了借款的金额、利息、年限、本金及利息的月还款额等重要的条款。另外一份文件是房产抵押书,在不同的州它的英文名称不同。在乔治亚州,它叫Security Deed,或Deed to Secure Debt and Security Agreement,俗称“Mortgage”,尽管二者在法律意义上并不完全等同, 在普通人的眼里它们的目的是一样的, 是把房子抵押给银行的证明。在有的州,Security Deed被称为Deed of Trust。

    什么是房产抵押书呢?它的大致内容主要有以下几点:1.陈明该文件的主要目的是保证某一特定债务的偿还。2.授权债权人可以在屋主不偿付债务时变卖房产,并将变卖财产的钱优先用于赔偿债务。3.当债务付清时,债权人要取消该抵押书并将房子的产权转还给屋主。4.许多抵押书还详细规定双方的权利义务,尤其是对债权人的保护。房产抵押书的一个重要内容是,屋主同意将房子的产权转移给债权人,比如银行等,这样银行就有权利在屋主不付钱时,自动拍卖该房产,而不再需要原屋主的授权和签字。

    有的屋主在房子上放置不止一个抵押书,比如说除了主要贷款外,还借了其他的贷款,那么这些不同的贷款之间有什么关系呢?这些贷款之间的优先等次是根据其在县郡法院登记的时间来决定的。登记时间越早的房屋抵押书就处于越优先的地位。一旦屋主不偿付债务时,处于优先地位的债权人可以优先拍卖该房产并优先使用变卖房子所得的钱来赔偿自己的债务,处于次等地位的债权人要等处于优先地位的债权人的债务赔偿完毕后才可以把优先地位的债权人所剩的残羹冷炙用来赔偿自己的债务。比如说,如果某人买房子时花了二十万美元($200,000),找A银行拿了第一顺位贷款十六万($160,000),又向B银行拿了第二顺位贷款四万($40,000),这在前几年的地产荣景期是常见的,这就是所谓的不花一分钱首期费也可买房的神话的起因。现在房价跌了百分之三十,只值十四万($140,000),如果该屋主不付其债务的话,第一顺位债权人A银行将该房子没收拍卖,卖了十四万美元,全部用来赔偿自己的债务后还亏损两万元,B银行就赔得光光的,拿不到一分钱赔偿。所以现在许多银行已经停止给予第二顺位贷款,因为风险太大。

    本文章只用作背景知识的了解, 请勿套用您的或任何其他人的情况当成法律意见。如果您有任何问题,可咨询刘念庆律师事务所刘念庆律师。联络地址:Liu & Associates, P.C., 1210 Warsaw Road, #200, Roswell, GA 30076;联络电话770-481-0609;传真:770-481-0597;网址:www.attorneyliu.com
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匿名  发表于 2010-4-16 21:12:56
Security Deed,或Deed to Secure Debt and Security Agreement,俗称“Mortgage”,不是同一个东西。
What is the difference between a Warranty Deed and a Security Deed?
Especifically in Georgia.
otally different instruments.

A Warranty Deed indicates ownership. It shows who is the current owner, when he acquired it, how and from whom. It's the thing that proves ownership. A lot of people call it a title, but a title is something on a car.

A mortgage is an interest in real estate created by a written document providing security to a lender for the performance under the terms of a note. The legal title to the property remains with the borrower, while the lender has an interest in the real estate to the extent of the amount of the note.

A security deed is similar but transfers legal title to the lender for the term of the note.

In the event of default by a borrower, a security deed provides the lender an opportunity to foreclose or seize the property without having to take the borrower to court. The mortgage also allows foreclosure but requires that the lender use a judicial foreclosure process to convert its interest in the real estate into legal title.

In Georgia, borrowers execute a security deed. But in New York, for example, borrowers execute a mortgage. While both a mortgage and security deed require the lender to provide notice to the borrower in the event of default, the foreclosure process is usually quicker through a security deed.

There's one more item called a Deed of Trust. It's comparable to a mortgage, but the lien is held by a third party, the trustee, rather than the lender.

With a mortgage or deed of trust, the person named on the Warranty Deed is the owner of the house. The lender does not have any ownership interest in the property.
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